Browsing by Author "James Bugeza"

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Livelihood profiles and adaptive capacity to manage food insecurity in pastoral communities in the central cattle corridor of Uganda
(Scientific African, 2022-07-08) Maureen Nanziri Mayanja; John Morton; James Bugeza; Akiiki Rubaire
Adaptive capacity is the capabilities, resources and institutions of a country or region to implement effective adaptation measures. This article aims to highlight pastoral communities’ differential adaptive capacity to buffer household food insecurity. We use mixed methods including case households and key informants to provide qualitative data on determinants of adaptive capacity. Subsequently cluster analysis is applied to combine survey data from respondent households on the basis of the livelihood capitals. Three distinct, heterogeneous livelihood profiles are identified. The Minimally-endowed face uncertain ac- cess to livelihood capitals; Large-herd Landlords are endowed with physical and financial capital – ownership of land and large numbers of livestock; while the Land-rich are endowed with natural capital - access to large sizes of land. This denotes different types of adaptive capacity and underscores the need for agricultural extension, technology transfer and other interventions to be differentiated based on the variance in adaptive capacity and challenges of the existing heterogeneous livelihood clusters. We argue that if such differences are not first identified, development strategies including those of agricultural ex- tension could fail in their attempts to ensure sustainable household food security. Rather than being a homogenous community, pastoralists in the central cattle corridor of Uganda belong to three heterogeneous livelihood profile clusters. Each cluster is differentially endowed with livelihood capitals which denote different types of adaptive capacity. As an empirical study done at household level, this work contributes insights that can be considered in designing and undertaking studies of other rural communities, prior to planning and execution of interventions.
Sero-prevalence and factors associated with anti-Brucella antibodies in slaughter livestock in Uganda
(Frontiers in Epidemiology, 2023-06-29) James Bugeza; Kristina Roesel; Ignacio Moriyon; Denis Mugizi; Lordrick Alinaitwe; Velma Kivali; Clovice Kankya; Elizabeth Anne Jessie Cook
Introduction: Brucellosis is endemic in Uganda and is a major cause of production losses in livestock. Early detection and quantification of the disease is vital for its control and eradication. The aim of this study was to assess the sero-prevalence and factors associated with anti-Brucella antibodies in slaughtered livestock. Materials and methods: Sera from 886 cattle, 925 small ruminants, and 900 pigs were collected from regional abattoirs in Northern, Eastern and Central Uganda. To estimate sero-prevalence, sera were serially tested using a combination of the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Native Hapten (NH) immunoprecipitation test. True sero-prevalence was estimated using the Rogan-Gladden estimator considering the sensitivity and specificity of the NH immunoprecipitation test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with seropositivity for anti-Brucella antibodies. Results and discussion: Small ruminants showed the highest seroprevalence (6.7%, 95% CI = 4.2-7.1) followed by cattle (3.8%, 95% CI = 2.4-4.9) and pigs (2.8%, 95% CI = 1.1-2.9). Seropositivity for anti-Brucella antibodies was associated with region of origin (OR=4.6,95%CI=1.49-17.75, p=0.013) for cattle; sex (OR=2.90, 95% C= 1.5-6.34, p=0.004), age (OR=4.04, 95% CI=1.07-8.52, p=0.006) and species (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.08-6.98, p = 0.048) for small ruminants; and finally sex for pigs (OR=2.88, 95% CI=1.07-8.52, p=0.041). Progressive control interventions must include both cattle and small ruminants since they play a bigger role in the maintenance and dissemination of Brucella. The interventions should adopt a risk- based approach with regions at higher risk being given top priority. Bacteriological and molecular studies should be undertaken to clarify the role of pigs and the goat-cattle cross infections in the epidemiological cycle of brucellosis in Uganda.
Structure and milk hygiene of dairy cooperative value chains in an intensive production area of Uganda—A bottleneck of intervention
(Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 2023-05-24) Yoshiharu Sugino; James Bugeza; David Bahame; Joseph Byaruhanga; Haruka Shimazaki; Masahiko Anzai; Taishi Kayano; William Mwebembezi; Andrew Akashaba; Taku Shimada; Yasukazu Muramatsu; Kohei Makita
In Uganda, informal raw milk sales dominate for domestic dairy consumption. This study was implemented to identify the structure of the dairy value chain starting from farms that participated in the Japan International Cooperation Agency Safe Milk Promotion in Mbarara project conducted between 2016 and 2019, to assess the hygiene conditions along the chain, and thereby identify the bottleneck of dairy hygiene intervention. A longitudinal study was conducted in 30 dairy farms in Mbarara District to compare the practice, prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis, and level of milk hygiene in 2016–2017 and 2019, before and after the milking hygiene intervention in 2018. California Mastitis Test was used for diagnosis with sub-clinical mastitis. Bulk milk samples were collected and a checklist was used to examine hygiene practices by observation. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 milk collecting centers using a structured questionnaire to quantify the dairy value chain, and to sample milk from cooler tanks in 2020. Microbiological examinations of bulk milk from farms and collection centers were conducted using six-point blood agar scoring and 3M Petri film, respectively. Participatory online appraisals with farmers and dairy cooperatives union were conducted to better understand the overall dairy value chains. The cooperatives sold milk to both formal and informal chains, but the sale of raw milk to Kampala was conducted by independent private traders. Within-herd prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis significantly decreased from 72.3% before the intervention to 25.8% after (p < 0.001). However, the farm bulk milk score did not change (3.3 vs. 3.2, p = 0.418). A significant increase in the total bacterial count was observed in the milk from collection centers (mean: 6.50 log10 CFU/ml) when compared to farm bulk milk (mean: 3.79 log10 CFU/ml; p < 0.001). Only 13.3% of the samples from the centers met the microbiological criteria for processing for human consumption. Our findings suggest that intervention targeted only at mastitis does not lead to better public health due to the low level of hygiene in transportation and milk handling in milk collection centers. Systematic interventions are needed to improve post-harvest dairy hygiene in Uganda.