National Agricultural Research Organisation Institutional Respoitory (NAROIR)

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Recent Submissions

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    Determining Adaptability of Potato Genotypes in Mount Elgon Region of Uganda
    (International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 2024-04-04) Kwaka, L.W; Chemayek, B; Wasukira, A; Owere, L; Parka, M; Tusiime, G
    Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Uganda is mainly produced in the highland areas of Kabale and Kisoro in south western and Bugisu and Sebei areas on the slopes of Mt. Elgon in the eastern part of the country. However, the yields have continuously reduced due to lack of suitable high yielding and disease resistant varieties. The purpose of this study was to identify high yielding disease resistant potato genotypes adapted to Mt. Elgon region. Eight CIP potato clones were evaluated alongside ten commonly grown Ugandan varieties in RCBD for two seasons at Buginyanya station, Bulambuli District. Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in tuber size, tuber uniformity, marketable tuber yield and the total tuber yield among genotypes. Potato clones 392797.22 and 398208.29 produced significantly (P<0.001) higher tuber yield 44.8 t/ha and 39 t/ha respectively compared to the local check Cruza with 34.5 t/ha. rAUDPC for LB showed significant differences (P<0.001) among genotypes in both seasons. The most resistant genotypes were Kinigi and clone 399985.39 with rAUDPC of 0.0135 and 0.025 respectively whereas Bumbamagara (0.413) and 396036.201 (0.392) were the most susceptible. 396036.201(0.051) and Kinigi were the most resistant genotypes for bacterial wilt while Shangi (0.66) and Cruza (0.46) were the most susceptible to BW. Generally, genotypes 392797.22 and 398208.29 were the highest yielding and disease resistant hence recommended for release as commercial varieties.
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    Combining ability for resistance to Turcicum leaf Blight in maize under highlands of Uganda
    (African Journal of Plant Breeding, 2024-03-13) Kutuka John Kiema; Tusiime Geoffrey; Kagoda Frank; Gibson Paul; Edema Richard
    Maize (Zea mays L.) production in the highland areas of Uganda is constrained by high prevalence of Turcicum leaf blight (caused by Exserohilum turcicum) hence the need to breed for resistance to this disease. Gene actions governing TLB has been studied in lowland and mid-altitude maize but no study has been done for the highland agro-ecologies of Uganda. This study was conducted to determine the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability of selected maize inbred lines and F1 hybrids with resistance to TLB. Eighteen single- cross hybrids and three checks were evaluated following an Alpha Lattice design with two replications in three highland agro-ecologies of Uganda namely: Bulegeni, Rwebitaba and Kalengyere. Results indicated high significant (P≤0.001) differences among test environments for grain yield, plant height, ear height, 50% days to anthesis and 50% days to silking, an indication that environments were distinct. The GCA and SCA effects were significant (P ≤ 0.001) for most traits, indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects. Genotypes CKMARS10022, CKL14546, AMH704-43, AMH703-35, AMH704-51, AMH10142-29, AMH10142-10, CKMARS10022 x CKDHL120671, CKLTI0028 x AMH704-43, CKLTI0028 x AMH703-35, CKLT10028 x AMH10142- 29, CKLTI0028 x AMH10142-10 and CKL14546 x CKDHL120671 showed negative SCA effects for TLB indicating their resistance for TLB. Genotypes which possessed negative combining ability are recommended for TLB breeding.
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    Effects of Selected Crops on Germination and Growth of Bidens pilosa and other Weeds
    (International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 2024-04-06) Kaiira M. G; Baguma Y.; Atwijukire E.; Owere L; Etiang J; Chemayek B
    A screen house pot study was done at Uganda National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge in Uganda during September-December 2021. Profiled metabolites from 5-donor plants; Mucuna pruriens, L. (Mc), Cymbopogon nardus L. (C), Desmodium uncinatum Jacq. DC. (D), (Zea mays, L. (Mz) and New Rice for Africa 1 (NERICA 1) were Terpenoids and Phenols. NERICA 1 (R) is a cross of Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima. C produced 10 terpenoids + 1 ester, R and D each released 6 Terpenoids + 3 Phenols. Mc produced 2 Terpenoids + 4 Phenols and 5 Terpenoids + 4 Phenols were profiled from Mz. Completely randomised block design were adopted with 3 replicates and eight combinations of 3 leaf+stem+root powders namely; Mc+D+C, Mz+Mc+C, RDC, Mc+D+C, Mz+R+Mc, Mz+D+Mc, R+Mc+C and Mz+R+C, mixed with 1.5 kg soil (15, 30 and 45 %, w/w). Controls had no powders. Mixtures were placed in plastic pots and 20 seeds of Biden pilosa L. were sown in each pot. Every 2 days, 200 ml of water was applied to all treatments for 60 days. Mz+Mc controlled B. pilosa and volunteer weeds relative to R+C and C+D. Weed germination and biomass reduced with increased powder doses. Volunteer monocot weeds were more inhibited than dicots. High potential exists for functional allelopathy using allelochemicals in the donor plants to develop bio-herbicides.
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    Performance of Direct-Seeded Upland Rice-Based Intercropping Systems Under Paired Rows in East-West Orientation
    (Journal of Agricultural Science, 2024-03-15) Kaiira M. G.; Kisho Miyamoto; Kasozi N.; Elesu M.; Bayega E.
    Production potential of rice based intercropping systems with legumes in Uganda is little known. Studies were conducted at Ikulwe Station of the National Agricultural Research Organisation to evaluate upland rice-based intercropping systems under paired-rows in the EW direction. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications was adopted during 2022 and 2023 with 8 pure stand and intercropped treatments. Adjustment from conventional planting to paired rows recorded high rice height and significant 1000 seed weights. In 2022 the 2 pure rice treatments produced significantly more tillers and panicles but legume intercrops reduced numbers of rice tillers and panicles. Intercropping significantly reduced the beans height (48%) and soybean pods (41%) during both years and also reduced the pods filling for beans (66%), groundnuts (36%) and soybeans (18.3%) during 2022. Although paired rice did not influence rice yield during both years, lower mean yield for rice (19.8%), beans (35%), groundnuts (33%) and soybeans (30.5%) were recorded. Lower legume intercrop yields were similarly recorded for beans (70%), groundnuts (73%) and soybeans (62%) during 2023. Partial (p) land equivalent ratios (LER) for intercrops were not significant and less than unity, but the one for rice intercropped with beans increased to more than unity (1.06) during 2023. All combined LER for rice-legumes were more than unity and the pLER of sole crops was 1.0. Rice + beans recorded high area time equivalent ratio during the 2 years while high relative equivalent yield and monetary advantage indices were recorded under rice + soybeans. Rice was more aggressive than other crops and intercropped treatments recorded higher Total Rice Grain yield equivalent (TRGYE) than sole rice. Rice + soybeans (2022) and rice + beans (2023) scored higher TRGY. The findings suggest that farmers can intercrop soybean in rice under paired rows in EW orientation for more benefits.
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    Integration of probiotics in aquaponic systems: an emerging alternative approach
    (Aquaculture International, 2023-08-28) Kasozi Nasser; Degu Iwe Gerald; Walakira John; Langi Sandra
    The increasing demand on water resources, reduced land for agriculture, and concerns over food and nutrition security have prompted the evolution of innovative and complex food production systems. In this context, efficient and sustainable food production systems such as aquaponics are viewed as an important and environmentally friendly technology for adaptation under resource-limited environments. Producing food in soilless systems is a promising strategy, as this method utilizes significantly less water than traditional agriculture. However, optimizing growing conditions to enhance crop and fish yields in aquaponics is frequently ambiguous and is often not economically feasible. One of the strategies to improve plant yields and supply of nutrients in aquaponics is the application of probiotics. With this strategy, the crop yields in aquaponics are improved via a variety of mechanisms, including nitrogen fixation, solubilization of mineral nutrients, organic matter mineralization, plant hormone modulation, and biocontrol. As a result, incorporating probiotics in aquaponic systems is a strategy for mitigating environmental effects and advancing sustainable agriculture. This review paper provides the current knowledge of the use of probiotics in aquaponics. Suggestions for further studies on the effects of probiotics in aquaponic systems are proposed. Through literature review, integrating probiotics into aquaponic systems has the potential to improve nutrient supply, modulation of water quality parameters, and microbial communities, which are key processes in enhancing the productivity of aquaponic systems.